Benefits of Kids Playing Outdoors Essay

1. Presentation The cutting edge meaning of playing for some youngsters nowadays are stuck before the PC, TV, game support or tablet gadgets. Game consoles all the more for the most part allude to video games that required associating with the TV. Instances of game consoles are Microsoft Xbox, Sony PlayStation and Nintendo Wii. While there is questioned those tech contraptions can help little youngsters as far as their psychological turn of events and expertise, getting kids playing outside is gainful as well. A device is a little mechanical item that has a specific capacity, yet regularly thought of as one of a kind. Instances of tech devices are cell phone, iPod, Samsung Galaxy Tab, PlayStation and some more. Playing outside is a type of activity that empowers kids be prosperity and solid physical turn of events. Play outside can let them investigate their condition, improve their muscle quality, and association, and furthermore develops self-assurance. Playing energetically outside likewise will build adaptability, advancement of a broad assortment of physical aptitudes, just as included themselves in sports. Outside play ought not turn out to be excessively scholastic and too educators and guardians controlled. 2. Foundation Information The developing of children these days and in those days is extraordinary. Children these days spend inside that wired to innovation while kids in those days invest their energy outside getting a charge out of the nature. The tremendous larger part of today’s kid just stays inside utilize a PC, sit in front of the TV, on the web or play computer games every day. Be that as it may, just around 10 percent of children invest their energy outside consistently, as indicated by another across the nation survey from The Nature Conservancy. Around 80 percent of children said that it is awkward to play outside because of thing like bugs, mosquitoes, and furthermore the warmth outside. At that point around 70 percent of them said that they don't have transportation to go outside like regular territories. In conclusion around 63 percent said there were no normal regions or pleasant spots for them to play outside that close to their homes. Nowadays guardians are so occupied with their work and they don't have the opportunity to go with or bring their kids go out and play. Our way of life is removing open air play from small kids through over the top of TV and PC use, dangerous neighborhoods, occupied guardians, end of school break and academicâ standards these days that push an ever increasing number of formatively improper scholastics into our youth programs, in this manner removing their opportunity to play and unwind. 3. Advantages of Kids Playing Outdoors 3.1 Physical Benefits Weight is getting an ever increasing number of nowadays in light of the fact that the vast majority of them are languid to do practice and invest energy outside, they incline toward sitting in front of the TV, playing computer games and online at home for the entire day. Open air play additionally empowers kids to appreciate the common habitat and figure out how to search out exercise, and natural air. Kids who figure out how to appreciate the outside exercises have an a lot higher probability of turning out to be grown-ups who like to climbing, bicycling, hiking and some more. This is hazardous as stoutness turns into an ever-more prominent national dread and as we should all figure out how to mind and ensure nature. By investing energy in the daylight playing, it can assist their bodies with getting nutrient D to create more advantageous bones and can decrease hazard, for example, coronary illness or hypertension. 3.2 Mental and Emotional Benefits Kids nowadays have occupied calendars with school and extracurricular exercises and they may encounter pressure and experience the ill effects of conditions like despondency. Physical exercises outside can help children to decrease their pressure and furthermore can improve their disposition. At the point when children are playing outside, they are in all likelihood running, hopping, shouting and chuckling. Enjoy a reprieve to let kids playing outside can build focal point of kids while they are in the study hall. 3.3 Promotes initiative aptitudes and support agreeable play In the earth where youngsters make the fun, normal pioneers will emerge. One youngster should disclose how to play the game, while another may appreciate setting up the physical test of an open air snag course. While in a setting where there aren’t clear victors or washouts, kids cooperate to meet an objective. The manner in which they collaborate or cooperate to meet an ideal outcome encourages them to build their relationship. They may likewise figure out how to share nourishments, toys, etc. 3.4 Cognitive Benefits Playing can creates kid’s memory, thinking aptitudes and capacity to contemplate. As indicated by The National Center for physical turn of events, playing can create children’s net engine aptitudes, which expands their capacity to recall new data. Investing energy outside can benefits kids to decide new things and understand their general surroundings when they are outside. 3.5 Social Benefits At the point when children are playing outside with different children, they are finding out about connections and how to carry on as an individual from a gathering. Investing energy outside can permit youngsters to make new companions, resolve strife and express their emotions. They additionally will figure out how to observe the standards and increase discretion aptitudes. For instance, pushing each other on the swing, playing together in the sand, hopping rope together, etc can create social abilities. Physical play, valuable play can likewise include in social play on the off chance that it supports the dedication of more than one youngster. 3.6 Natural Experience Playing outside is fundamental to a child’s development and their psychological and physical turn of events. When playing outside, they can connect with the earth, the nature by climbing trees, lying on the grass, delving in the sands, or play with the butterflies. By connect with the nature and furthermore with different children outside, it assists with inspiring the interest and innovativeness of youngsters and they likewise can learn new thing of being outside. At the point when they are playing outside, they can hear the sound of birds’ tweets, the honey bees floating, the sound of the dried leaves and some more. Along these lines, they likewise can learn and think about how do caterpillar become butterflies, how do plants develop, how muds feel and smell like, etc. 4. End Accommodating the open air play needs of kids is a perplexing and testing task. Guardians should take a few times to bring their kids go out to appreciate the earth not simply stuck in the house messing around or sitting in front of the TV. Asâ a part of being youngster, they should get the opportunities of playing outside. With the goal that they can be more advantageous, become more brilliant, can appreciate the earth and have paramount recollections when they grow up.

Holocaust :: essays research papers

     The Holocaust was a lamentable occasion that finished numerous Jewish lives. The Nazis killed more than 6 million honest Jews. They tormented such huge numbers of them leaving the couple of Holocaust survivors with terrible recollections.      Propaganda assumed an immense job and influenced numerous people’s thinking during this timeframe. The purposeful publicity was intended to impact the focused on people’s sentiments, convictions, and feelings. Joseph Paul Goebbel’s was the German national communist advocate. He had unlimited authority over radio, press, film, and theater. What the proselytizer lectured may have been either obvious or bogus. They did whatever it took to influence the individuals to accept their thoughts. They needed individuals to imagine that their way was correct.      The Nazi’s were known for utilizing terms that had strict and real significance in their propagandized language. Their contemplations were pounded into people’s cerebrums so they before long turned out to be unknowingly thinking the manner in which the Nazi’s did. The disseminator had rules like our 10 Commandments. The initial three were to isolate and vanquish, mention to the individuals what they need, and the greater the falsehood, the more individuals will trust it. (www.primenet.com/~popgnda/goebbels.htm)      Like I expressed before, promulgation was utilized to influence the thoughts and psyches of Jews, much the same as the fabrication that occurred at Theresienstadt. Theresienstadt was a ghetto death camp. It was situated in today’s Czech Republic. It was assume to be the â€Å"model ghetto† for the Red Cross. There were bits of gossip about this executing community so the Nazis organized a scam. A ton was done to this ghetto; a cafã © was made, a children’s drama was played out, a landmark was worked to respect the dead.

Sites We Like The Electric Typewriter

Sites We Like The Electric Typewriter For the last two years, I’ve made a personal commitment to try and read more essays and long form journalism. While my goal is really to read through many of the essay collections I have sitting on my bookshelves, I also love coming across websites that do the work of curating great examples of long form writing that I can save to read later (using my current reading app of choice, Pocket). One of my recent favorite sources for online essays is The Electric Typewriter, which collects “selected features, articles and essays from the worlds best journalists and writers.” Each day, the editors post several essays a mixture of new and old on a whole host of topics. They’re often the kinds of essays that can make a reader deeply fascinated in a subject you never knew enough to care about, my favorite kind. Their best feature, however, has to be their collection of reading lists. For many, editors have collected 10 to 30 of the best essays on a particular topic work, the environment, sex in one place. Most lists are broken down further by topic, and each listing includes a brief summary of the article to help pick the ones that might be most interesting. But if books are more your style, the site also has a list of 100 Great Nonfiction Books to consider, with some expected (Into the Wild by Jon Krakauer) and unexpected (The Chronology of Water by Lidia Yuknavitch) choices. Despite reading mostly nonfiction, I’ve only read 20 of the 100 on the list I’m so excited to read more. If you’re a reader of essays, or would like someone to start curating lists of essays for you to try, you won’t do better than The Electric Typewriter. Sign up for True Story to receive nonfiction news, new releases, and must-read forthcoming titles.

Why Adding Salt to Water Increases the Boiling Point

If you add salt to water, you raise the waters boiling point, or the temperature at which it will boil. The temperature needed to boil will increase about 0.5 of a degree Celsius for every 58 grams of dissolved salt  per kilogram of water.  This is an example of boiling point elevation, and it is not exclusive to water: It occurs any time you add a non-volatile solute such as salt to a solvent such as water. Water boils when the molecules are able to overcome the vapor pressure of the surrounding air to move from the liquid phase to the gas phase. When you add a solute that increases the amount of energy (heat) needed for water to make the transition, a few processes occur. How Does It Work? When you add salt to water, sodium chloride dissociates into sodium and chlorine ions and these charged particles alter the intermolecular forces between water molecules. In addition to affecting the hydrogen bonding between water molecules, there is an ion-dipole interaction to consider: Every water molecule is a dipole, which means one side (the oxygen side) is more negative and the other side (the hydrogen side) is more positive. The positively charged sodium ions align with the oxygen side of a water molecule, while the negatively charged chlorine ions align with the hydrogen side of a water molecule. The ion-dipole interaction is stronger than the hydrogen bonding between the water molecules, so more energy is needed to move water away from the ions and into the vapor phase. Even without a charged solute, adding particles to water raises the boiling point because part of the pressure the solution exerts on the atmosphere now comes from solute particles, not just solvent (water) molecules. The water molecules need more energy to produce enough pressure to escape the boundary of the liquid. The more salt (or any solute) added to water, the more you raise the boiling point. The phenomenon depends on the number of particles formed in the solution. Freezing point depression is another colligative property that works the same way: If you add salt to water, you lower its freezing point as well as raise its boiling point. The Boiling Point of NaCl When you dissolve salt in water, it breaks into sodium and chloride ions. If you boiled all the water off, the ions would recombine to form solid salt. However, there is no danger of boiling the NaCl: The boiling point of sodium chloride is 2575 F or 1413 C. Salt, like other ionic solids, has an extremely high boiling point.

The Fight Against Ielts Top 10 Essay Samples

The Fight Against Ielts Top 10 Essay Samples From that point, your task for a writer would be to demonstrate that the action which you're claiming is ethical improves human well-being. A mind-independent explanation is some sort of reason which exists independently of human thought. If you simply consider the top 10 teams you know that these teams are almost always prosperous year after year and have several years of history. If you're a college football fan it's a wish to make it to an SEC game due to the crowd and atmosphere you're in. Paraphrasing is an essential skill for IELTS! At times, a question on the IELTS may request that you address more than 1 thing. By way of example, students and a tutor speaking about an assignment. If you by chance fall below the term count, you can make sure that it is going to have terrible effect on your scoring. Few musical numbers convey this kind of important message in this kind of enjoyable way. Try to remember, in addition, there are discounts available when purchasing all 3 e-books and free shipping when purchasing all three text books. The Birth of Ielts Top 10 Essay Samples The ideal music can cause you to feel a great deal better. Expressive Bollywood isn't shy of expressing emotions of all kinds with its normal exuberance, in regards to music. The patriotism of the song proved to be a chilling approach to inaugurate the absolutely free open-air concert, given the conditions. The history behind the song, unlike a lot of others, is really quite straightforward. Every generation appears to provide the subsequent one crap for its music. Only 3 songs in the very best albums by sales were also in the very best albums by streams. As there are numerous artists and they're thinking up new songs but within this list you'll find top ten English songs which is trending in 2018. One of the greatest things about music is the range of instruments. Bow to the queen of indie. How to Choose Ielts Top 10 Essay Samples You are thinking about a ringing bell. The main reason for this is that we often have various ideas of what the word means. After a very long day on the job, superior music makes us feel refreshed and energetic, relieving tension and facilitating relaxation. Those 2 moments of ecstasy are extremely similar. Ielts Top 10 Essay Samples Secrets That No One Else Knows About As a guideline, it's a very good concept to maintain a record of the number of words you're writing, and what number of mistakes you find. It is possible to also see all the charts in 1 place in case you don't need to read. 10 ideas to he lp you study and enhance your score. Also make sure you use a variety of different sentence structures in order to have a high score. Employing exactly the same phrase or words over and over again is going to result in a decrease score. When you are just too verbose, you're using more words than needed. Mind Maps are an excellent tool at which you can organize your ideas quickly, employing a graphic organizer and keywords. Follow the link below to visit. The Ultimate Ielts Top 10 Essay Samples Trick From that point, you would attempt to demonstrate that the action which you're claiming to be unethical somehow violates that moral obligation. Mind-independent obligations are often called objective obligations. You would then have to give an argument which indicates that a specific mind-independent moral obligation exists. You would have to first provide an argument for the presence of mind-independent moral obligations.

Porter’s Five Force Model of Toyota Free Essays

MIS Porter’s Five Forces Model Of Toyota Porter’s five forces model is a framework for the industry analysis and development of business strategy. Three of Porter’s five forces refers to rivalry from external/outside sources such as micro environment, macro environment and rest are internal threats. It draws ahead Industrial Organization economics to develop five forces that conclude the competitive intensity and consequently attractiveness of a market place or industry. We will write a custom essay sample on Porter’s Five Force Model of Toyota or any similar topic only for you Order Now Attractiveness in this framework refers to the generally overall industry profitability. An â€Å"unattractiveness† in industry is one in which the mixture of these five forces proceed to constrain behind overall profitability. An extremely unattractive industry would be one moving toward â€Å"pure competition†, in which existing profits for all companies are moving down to zero. 1. Bargaining power of suppliers The bargaining power of suppliers is low. There are various types of suppliers in the vehicles industry, including the cooling system, electrical system, braking system and fuel supply system distributed across the globe. However, most vehicle manufactures own many interchangeable suppliers, and also have the ability to produce the components by their own in the short time. Thus, the suppliers do not own the power to change the price. 2. Bargaining power of buyers The Bargaining power of buyers is high. Today, buyers have a lot of information channel, such as the internet, where can easily find the proper vehicle. And, the preferences of the private consumers are important to the vehicle corporations. If automobile Company increases one type, they can also choose other type or the cheaper one. And the vehicle’s buyers can easily find the substitutes, such as walking, and bus. 3. Threat of new entrants The entrants can not enter to the automotive industry easily, as automobiles are special products that require a large amount of money on the design, electronic functions, and safety issues. And another important issue is the brand loyalty in the car market. Vehicle firms always benefit the brand value, and decrease the consumer sensitivity about the price. For example, General Motors provided $1000 to the Saab owners who planed to buy the 2008 model. 4. Rivalry among competitors The competition in the auto industry is strong. The top eight auto companies have occupy large part of global revenues, and these automobile manufacturers strengthened the globalization and consolidation across the worldwide range. The competition is not only between the corporations, but between the governments. Governments established protection laws to protect the products of each own production. For example, U. S. government increased the additional tariffs on Chinese tires in 2009. And the Toyota vehicles were recalled because the U. S. government investigated into the accelerator pedal problems. 5. Threat of substitutes The threat of the substitutes is high. There are a lot of substitutes in the automobile industry. When the price of the vehicles rises, the substitutes will emerge, there are many types of equipment that can take the place of vehicles, such bus, subway, bicycle and even walking. How to cite Porter’s Five Force Model of Toyota, Papers

Le leggi della termodinamica Essays - , Term Papers

Le leggi della termodinamica LA LEGGE DI BOYLE: In termodinamica la legge di Boyle afferma che in condizioni di temperatura costante la pressione di un gas perfetto inversamente proporzionale al suo volume, ovvero che il prodotto della pressione del gas per il volume da esso occupato costante.A temperatura costante, il prodotto tra il volume e la pressione risulta costante. T=K, PV= K, P=K/V Nel pian o di Clapeyron. una trasformazione isoterma, ossia che avviene a temperatura costante 2) PRIMA LEGGE DI GAY-LUSSAC: Afferma che in una trasformazione isobara, ovvero in condizioni di pressione e quantit di sostanza costanti, il volume di un gas ideale direttamente proporzionale alla temperatura assoluta. P=K, Vt= Vo (1+ alfa*deltat), per i gas a=1/27,315 Quindi Vt/T=Vo/To una trasformazione ISOBARA, ossia che avviene a pressione costante. 3) SECONDA LEGGE DI GAY-LUSSAC: Descrive come, in una trasformazione isocora in condizioni di volume costante, la pressione di un gas sia direttamente proporzionale alla sua temperatura. Pt= Po (1 + alfadelta) Pt/T=Po/To una trasformazione ISOCORA, ossia che avviene a volume costante CONCETTI CHIAVE DELLA TERMODINAMICA: Trasformazione termodinamica: un processo tramite il quale un sistema termodinamico passa da uno stato di equilibrio termodinamico ad un altro. Sistema Termodinamico: una porzione di spazio materiale, separata dal resto dell'universo termodinamico (ovvero dall'ambiente esterno) mediante una superficie di controllo (o confine) reale o immaginaria, rigida o deformabile. Lavoro termodinamico: Interazione con lambiente: Calore: Il calore una forma di energia, correlata all'energia termica, che viene trasferita tra due corpi che si trovano a temperatura differente ( quindi un'energia in transito). Temperatura: la grandezza fisica che fornisce la misura dello stato termico di un corpo e di conseguenza fornisce la capacit del corpo di scambiare colore con altri corpi o con lambiente.

Enzyme activity essays

Enzyme activity essays Introduction: Within each of our body cells are thousands of enzymes. These enzymes are proteins, or chains of amino acids that are responsible for chemical reactions. Enzymes are also called organic catalysts. A catalyst is a substance that speeds a chemical reaction without getting changed much itself. The catalyst well be using in this experiment is Hydrogen Peroxide or H2O2. Objective: To demonstrate the activity of enzymes under different conditions. 3) Chicken liver (fresh, boiled, frozen, and vinegar soaked) Procedure: 1) grind up a chunk of fresh liver. 2) Scoops up all the ground material and place it into another test tube containing about a half-inch of fresh H2O2. 3) Repeat step the steps using the boiled, frozen, boiled and vinegar soaked liver. 4) Repeat the same procedure, using small chunks of organic materials that are available at your or the teacher s demonstration table. Results: Q: What happens when raw liver is placed in H2O2? Catalase Activity in Various Substances Amount of Bubbling Rating by Number Conclusions: Q: How do we know that Catalase was present in our living materials? @ Because no chemical reactions could take place without them. Q: What effect does grinding have on our Catalase activity? @ It allows the H2O2 to start breaking it down faster. Q: What effect does freezing have on Catalase activity? Q: What effect does boiling have on Catalase activity? Explain. @ It doesnt allow much activity to occur because the enzymes in the live ...

Black Panther Party Origins and History

Black Panther Party Origins and History The Black Panther Party was founded in 1966 by Huey Newton and Boddy Seale in Oakland, California. It was initially organized to protect blacks from police brutality. They evolved into a Marxist revolutionary group that was labeled by the FBI as advocating the use of violence and guerilla tactics to overthrow the U.S. government. The party had thousands of members and chapters in several cities at its height in the late 1960s. Origins The Black Panthers emerged out of the nonviolent civil rights movement of the early 1960s. Leaders Newton and Seale both began their experience with organized groups as members of the Revolutionary Action  Movement, a socialist group with militant and non-violent political activities. Its roots may be also found in the Lowndes County Freedom Organization (LCFO)- an Alabama group dedicated to registering African-American voters. The group was also called the Black Panther Party. The name was later borrowed by Newton and Seale for their California-based Black Panther Party. Goal The Black Panther Party had a specific platform laid out in 10 points. It included goals such as: We want power to determine the destiny of our black and oppressed communities, and, We want land, bread, housing, education, clothing, justice, and peace. It also outlined their key beliefs, which centered around Black liberation, self-defense, and social change. In the long term, the group aimed rather vaguely at a revolutionary overthrow of the white-dominated status quo and black power. But they had no more concrete platform for governing. They took their inspiration from a combination of socialist intellectuals, combining their thoughts on the role of class struggle with the specific theories about black nationalism. The Role of Violence The Black Panthers committed to  projecting a violent image and to actual violence from their inception. Second Amendment rights were central to their platform and called out explicitly in their 10-point program:   We believe we can end police brutality in our Black community by organizing Black self-defense groups that are dedicated to defending our Black community from racist police oppression and brutality. The second Amendment of the Constitution of the United States gives us the right to bear arms. We therefore believe that all Black people should arm themselves for self-defense. The groups violent stance was by no means secret; in fact, it was central to the Black Panthers public identity. Author Albert Harry, writing in 1976, observed that the groups paramilitarism was clearly visible from the start, as Black Panthers strutted around in their black jackets, black berets, and tight-fitting black pants, their pockets bulging with side arms, their clenched fists high above their defiant heads. The group acted on its image. In some instances, members would appear en masse and simply threaten violence. In others, they took over buildings or engaged in shootouts with police or with other militant groups. Both Black Panther members and police officers  were killed in confrontations. Social and Political Programs The Black Panthers were not solely focused on violence. They also organized and sponsored social welfare programs, the most famous of which was their Free Breakfast for Children. In the 1968-1969 school year, the Black Panthers  fed as many as 20,000 children through this social program. Eldrige Cleaver ran for president on the Peace and Freedom Party ticket in 1968. Cleaver met with North Korean leader Kim Il-sung in 1970 and traveled to North Vietnam. He also met with Yasser Arafat and the Chinese ambassador to Algeria. He advocated a more revolutionary agenda and after being expelled from the Panthers led the Black Liberation Army splinter group. The Panthers worked on electing members with unsuccessful campaigns such as Elaine Brown for Oakland City Council. They supported the election of Lionel Wilson as the first black mayor of Oakland. Former Black Panther members have served in elected office, including U.S. Representative Bobby Rush. Notable Events   May 2, 1967: About 30 armed Black Panther members enter  the California legislature to protest consideration of outlawing the right of private citizens to bear arms. There was no violence, but the spectacle is well remembered and brought the group into public light. At that time, open carry of weapons was legal in California. The Black Panthers had exercised this right in being present at arrests and stationed at the legally-allowed distance while displaying their firearms.August 1967: The FBI includes the Black Panther Party in their counterintelligence program, COINTELPRO, aimed to discredit and neutralize subversive organizations. They conduct hundreds of actions to weaken the party.October 28, 1967: Party leader Huey P. Newton is arrested after Oakland police officer John Frey is shot and killed performing a traffic stop of Newton, in which another officer and Newton were also shot. This incident led to the rallying cry of Free Huey, which galvanized support for the party among other activists. Newton was later convicted of voluntary manslaughter, a conviction that was later overturned.   April 6, 1968: An armed confrontation erupts between Black Panthers and police led to a 90-minute confrontation at a building housing Panthers. Eventually, the Panthers surrender. Over the course of the day, at least four policemen are wounded and one killed. One Panther member, Bobby Hutton, is killed by the police and seven others are arrested. Huttons death becomes a rallying issue.1969: Gun battles take place between Black Panthers and rival organizations, including one in Campbell Hall on the UCLA campus in 1969. Panthers torture and kill a suspected informant, Alex Rackley, which leads to a trial of Bobby Seale alleging he ordered the killing. A hung jury resulted and there was no retrial.December 4, 1969: Another well-remembered instance of violence is instigated by the FBI, which provides the information needed to raid the Illinois Black Panther Party heads apartment. Two members of the Black Panthers were killed by gunfire. The event is remembered partly for the disproportio nate firing: evidence revealed later that the police fired up to 99 bullets, while the Panthers may have shot one. It is also remembered because the  information required for the break-in was obtained by an FBI infiltrator in a period when surveillance of the domestic group had been approved. The charges against the seven survivors of the raid were later dropped and Hamptons family won a $1.85 million wrongful death settlement from the city of Chicago. December 8, 1969: The LAPD conducts a SWAT attack on the Los Angeles Black Panther office, firing thousands of rounds and resulting in no deaths but a handful of injuries on both sides.1971: After a fall-out between Newton and Eldrige Cleaver, the party splits into factions and engage in assassinations of each others members, with four killed.1974: Nine Panthers, including Newton, are arrested for assault on police officers. Newton is also charged with murdering Kathleen Smith. He flees to Cuba. Panther bookkeeper Betty Van Patter goes missing and is found beaten to death, with Panther leadership suspected. In 1977, there was an attempt to assassinate Crystal Gray, a witness in the Smith murder.Elaine Brown was appointed Chairwoman of the Panthers in 1974 as Newton went into exile. Membership in the Panthers declined precipitously throughout the 1970s and was down to a couple dozen by 1980.

Select an item of clothing, or an accessory, and contextualise it Essay

Select an item of clothing, or an accessory, and contextualise it historically, culturally and critically - Essay Example dition to the Monroe’s white dress, Travilla designed other Hollywood costumes that attracted attention from a plausible population of lovers of fashion. Was the Monroe’s white dress the most celebrated design throughout Travilla’s professional life as a designer of Hollywood costumes? The main body of the research outlines the biography of William Travilla. An insight of the iconic Monroe’s white dress as one of Travilla’s designs will form the next part of the text. An outline of other designs by Travilla will precede an in-depth analysis of whether Monroe’s white dress tops for attracting the most attention among the other designs. The final analysis outlines the extent to which the design attracted high sales after its auctioning, nearly fifty years after the death of Monroe. Born in March 20 1920, Travilla was brought up in Catalina Island, CA. He served in his career as a costume designer in most part of his lifetime and designed costumes in a number of Hollywood films. The 1953 designed costume used by Monroe in the 1955 film remains one of the best designs he produced during the time he served in his profession. This was the snow-white costume with a cocktail shape, which offered him appreciated fame. Travilla started costume designing in 1941 (FDM 2012, p.1). He served as a designer with the Warner Brothers for three years from 1946 to 1949. He later joined the Twentieth Century. Fox thereafter until 1956. He earned popularity for what was known as the â€Å"California† fashion while designing foe film as well as the small screen. He, however, turned to major on television in the 1970s. Among the most viewed among his works was the 1983 TV mini-series, The Thorn Birds. He featured in several nominations Emmy awards for his plausible work. Tra villa died in 1990, leaving his career to Bill Saris. The most memorable scenes of the Hollywood actress Marilyn Monroes was in the 1955 film directed by Billy Wilder. Monroe’s Hollywood constume

Decision Modelling and Decision Analysis--JOB SELECTION Essay

Decision Modelling and Decision Analysis--JOB SELECTION - Essay Example A research on the job location revealed the most expensive and least expensive cities. Probability scores in the range of 1-10 were used to rank the various alternatives on criteria. Final scores of the product of weights and probability scores helped to reach the conclusion that American Systems Developers provides the best opportunity to Claire. Table of Contents S.No. Topic Page No. 1 Introduction 3 2 Problem statement 3 3 Goal statement 3 4 Background 3 5 Main criteria for job selection 4 6 Various alternatives available 5 7 Linking interests and alternatives 6 8 Methodology 7 9 Assumptions 8 10 Results 9 11 Conclusion 10 Introduction Claire Dale has job offers from five different companies. Each company has different salary structure to offer and a different job profile. Some are offering a job requiring a lot of travel while others are offering single location jobs. Claire also needs to look at the location where she will be working from so that she is able to balance her profe ssional and personal life. She has a number of criteria which she has to look at before deciding which job has the potential to offer her maximum job satisfaction as well as compensate her financially and allow her to pursue her personal interests. Problem statement The candidate has been presented with five job offers. She is unable to decide which is best for her. Goal statement Selecting the right job offer which helps to satisfy the financial, professional and personal expectations of Claire. Background In real life situations, it sometimes become very difficult to decide which options to choose from when there are many criteria for deciding upon an option. MCDA techniques help us in deciding the best possible option in a scientific and methodological way. MCDA has a number of techniques to help in zeroing on an alternative and they all follow â€Å"similar steps of organization and decision matrix construction† (Linkov et al. 2006). However, each differs in the way it an alyses the data. Some of the commonly used approaches are MAUT (Multi-Attribute Utility Theory), MAVT (Multi-Attribute Value Theory, AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) and Outranking. The first three approaches are grouped under optimization approaches. For example, MAUT tries to provide a numerical criterion to evaluate the various alternatives. It gives scores to the various criteria to show the merits of each. The final scores can be seen by summing up the individual scores. Similarly, AHP tries to judge alternatives based on their scores and chooses the one with the highest score. It compares pairs. Outranking is a technique assumes that one alternative has more dominance over the other (Linkov et al. 2006). This technique does not assume that one alternative can be identified. It compares two or more alternatives at a time and tries to find out the â€Å"extent to which one can be preferred over the other† (Linkov et al. 2006). This method looks at favoring an alternativ e that performs best on maximum number of criteria. Thus, the weaknesses that one criterion has are compensated by the advantages that are there in the other criteria. Main criteria for selecting the job After a discussion with Claire and the project team, following criteria were identified which would impact her, the most (in order of importance, first one being the most important) once she decides on a particular offer: 1. Financial –

Predictive Capabilities of the Simulex Model

Predictive Capabilities of the Simulex Model Introduction The purpose of this study is to analyse the predictive capabilities of the Simulex model, used to simulate the movement of people in evacuation simulations. Other evacuation models used within the fire engineering community, i.e. Firewind WayOut and simple hand flow calculations, provide quick and easy access to a reasonable estimate for a required movement time for egress in a building. This study will help to reveal whether the additional data used within the Simulex methodology aids the user in reaching a more accurate overall estimate. This will be done by carrying out a number of evacuation scenarios and comparing the results collected using the Firewind WayOut model and hand calculations. A multi storey hotel tower will be used to carry out the study. The outcome of the study will help to calibrate the components of the human behaviour in the Simulex model, as it is suggested that Simulex enables you to simulate occupant behaviour in the event of a building evacuation (IES, Sim ulex simulation of occupant evacuation). A considerable amount of study has been carried out on all aspects of human evacuation from emergency situations, and the affects of human behaviour on evacuation times can be seen as a major factor in terms of life safety. The majority of movement models to date take into account little consideration of the behavioural aspects of the occupants under emergency and focus their work on the flow of occupants. An evaluation of the results gathered in this study will help to show whether Simulex takes occupants-occupants interaction into account. Studies carried out in the past have revealed that occupant evacuation times are highly dependent on their perceived threat of the fire event. Appearance, proximity, propagation, time, and toxic gases of the fire threat also tend to predispose the individual to a higher level of behavioral activity, again depending upon the individuals perception of these threat variables. Thus, occupants located in close proximity to a developing fire, and with clear sensual links with smoke and heat, are likely to react more speedily than those who are reacting solely on alarm signals (John L. Bryan, Human Behavior and Fire). The importance of such an analysis tool is becoming essential in building design as regulation moves to a more performance based system. The purpose of this dissertation is to outline the methodology used within the Simulex model. The outputs determined by each of the models can then be compared along with the hand calculation work carried out. A sensitivity analysis will be performed for the Simulex model and this will help provide a clear evaluation of its predictive potential. Aim To evaluate the predictive capabilities of the Simulex movement model by carrying out both sensitivity and comparative analysis from results gained using the Firewind WayOut movement models and simple hand flow calculations. To gauge the effectiveness of the additional methodological approach taken by Simulex in gaining an overall more accurate estimate. Objectives Carry out a literature review of papers available which cover all aspects of building evacuation. Estimate crowd densities for use as input assumptions for Simulex, Firewind WayOut and hand calculations. Evaluate the model outputs and make a comparison between the methodologies adopted by each of the models. Conclusions should be formed on the basis of this evaluation. Carry out a sensitive analysis of both the Simulex and WayOut models. This can be achieved by altering the user input data to see how this effects the overall evacuation times. Gauge the predictive capabilities of each of the models in terms of how all aspects of building evacuation are taken into account. Investigate how the Simulex model attempts to deal with merging behaviours in a staircase. This will be carried out in reference to the information gained from previous work detailed in the literature review Provide concluding statements with reference to the results gained using the Simulex model. This should include an insight into whether the results gained using this method provide a more accurate estimate of the likely real life evacuation time. Methodology Carry out a literature review of the existing information available which relates to building evacuation and evacuation modeling. Factors to consider include a detailed evaluation of all aspects which affect the evacuation procedures of occupants i.e. affects of alarms, pre-movement times, human behaviour, crowd dynamics, and travel times. A study will be required relating to the current scope of movement models used within the fire engineering community. The methodologies used within the Simulex and the Firewind WayOut models will be studied and form part of the literature review. This will highlight all the differences and similarities between the methodologies incorporated into the tools. This information will be of significant importance when analysing the output data and forming any conclusions. Choose a suitable building design which can be used to carry out the study. The chosen building has been selected as the multi-storey hotel tower, Shibboleth project. Further information of the building will be provided further on in the text. CAD drawings of the Shibboleth hotel tower are required as this design will form the basis of the study. A collection of CAD drawings showing the Shibboleth floor plans will be used as a base to creating these geometries. The CAD drawings will be stripped down (removing inanimate objects i.e. furniture etc) to reveal only boundary layers i.e. walls, floors, etc. These barriers are those in which occupants are unable to pass through. A sensitivity analysis of Simulex and Firewind WayOut models will be carried out. This requires some factor of validation data to be collected by varying single point of input data and analysing how greatly they affect the overall results. By independently altering all the required input data, it is possible to monitor the effect each of the inputs has on the model outputs. This analysis will be carried out for each of the models. Run a mock evacuation using the Simulex model. To achieve this all CAD drawing will be turned into DXF files and inputted into the model. Staircases and floor plans can be linked and occupants will be added relevant to the room sizes as uses (Occupant loading will be calculated for the building and agents will be calculated and added accordingly). Run a mock evacuation using the Firewind WayOut model. The CAD drawings will again be used to measure all lengths and areas in the building. The occupant loading will be kept similar to those used in the Simulex calculation. Carry out hand calculations for the building. The process which will be followed is provided in the SFPE Handbook (SFPE Handbook, Section 3, Chapter 14; Emergency Movement). All input data used will be maintained from the previous work carried out in the computer models. This enables a conclusion to be reached as to whether the innovative tool can be used under the performance based regulatory system and form part of a successful fire engineered solution. Gaining a clear understanding of such information will allow the user to evaluate the results in a more efficient manner. An exhaustive analysis of the output data produced by both movement models will be carried out by the author. A conclusion will then be reached as to whether the FDS+Evac model can provide similar data as the movement model selected as the comparative tool. As this Simulex model is used presently within the fire engineering community to perform evacuation analysis on a number of real projects, it can then be assumed that such a tool supports the engineers performance based design solution. The results will also provide the evidence which will be required to evaluate whether the FDS+Evac model takes into account the threat perceived by the occupants in close proximity to a fire event, and incorporates this into the evacuation time for these occupants. Scope and Limitations Only two models are being reviewed in the study. The university has both Firewind WayOut and Simulex available for use at present and no other models were available at the time this study was carried out. The Simulex model is not used extensively through the course at the university and as a result the user had limited experience in operating it at the time of the study. The modelling work, i.e. measurements of lengths and areas, was carried out entirely from the drawing provided; no site visits etc were made to the building. Only one scenario has been run to carry out the study, a greater timescale for the work would have allowed a more exhaustive study, i.e. greater test cases, to be carried out. As the methodologies in each of the models vary slightly, it was only possible to minimise the extent to which occupant characteristics varied, but it was not possible to eliminate it altogether. Literature Review Regulatory Perspective As architects, designers and engineers continue to push the boundaries of building design, the regulatory system in Scotland continues to move towards a more performance based system. This system allows all parties involved in the design stage a far greater amount of freedom, i.e. promote innovation and limit the impact of regulation (S. Kipp, 1999), when ensuring a building design meets the requirements of the relevant codes. Professionals working within the built environment are now able to incorporate much more of their experience and judgement when developing a design than when following the outdated prescriptive approach, which were conceived for typical buildings. As a result of this, a number of tools have been developed within each discipline which allows each innovative design to be exhaustively tested, ensuring an adequate level of safety is provided before they are incorporated into any building design. For a fire engineer, many of these tools require computational technologies to perform a number of these tasks. Fire modelling is becoming more and more involved in the design stage of many large and complex projects all over the world. A number of models are available, varying in complexity, to carry out any necessary analysis within a number of complex spaces. They allow engineers to evaluate many fire safety related features of a building design before they are finalised, and ensure that any areas of issues with the design can be resolve before a project reaches the construction phase, as altering designs at this point can be extremely expensive and time consuming for all parties. In the UK, the current emphasis for escape design sets out to limit the distance and therefore time in which occupants are subjected to surrounding which will increase the risk of alarm or injury. The current timeframe in which occupants should have to travel from their place or origin and reach a place of safety is 2 minutes 30 seconds. This time had been calculated as a factor of the maximum allowable travel distance and the average walking speed of an occupant. Storey exit widths are sized assuming a specific flow of 80 persons/minute/metre clear width and a flow time of 2.5 minutes (Boyce et al, 2009). The time which is required to clear a floor is an important factor which must be considered to achieve an effective fire safety engineered design. The functional standards allow an engineer to carry out comparative analysis between the required safe egress time (RSET) and the available safe egress time (ASET). A building is deemed to provide an acceptable solution if the time required for egress is less than the time available before conditions are judged untenable by some factor of safety. This requirement is subject to an exhaustive analysis being carried out by a suitable professional, on all aspects of the design which will affect occupant egress. Human Behaviour in Fires A lot of research has been undertaken within the fire engineering community to gain as much understanding as possible of the factors affecting human behaviour when occupants are faced with emergency evacuation procedures in the built environment. John L. Bryan has covered a lot of work studying person-fire interaction and how occupant awareness can affect pre-movement times D. Canter has done a lot of work in gathering data from a number of sources to paint a clearer picture of the evacuation process. E. R. Galea covered a study dealing with human behaviour during evacuation of the world trade centre attack in 2001. Jonathan D Sime has produced work dealing with peoples ability to way find in a building, his work has shown that it may be more effective to incorporate escape routes into the general circulation routes as this will increase occupant familiarity with evacuation routes. Lars Benthorn provided an insight into how people evaluate information and subsequently choose their escape path. There are many more professionals who have done excellent work in analysing human behaviour in emergency situations and all the information collected is useful as it can then be incorporated into the design of evacuation tools. Building evacuation takes on a number of stages and involves a timeframe from the incipient stage of a fire right through until the last occupant has reached a place of safety. Human behaviour can affect both pre-movement and movement times, therefore it is essential to have a clear understanding of how to adapt an evacuation design to maximise its potential in life safety terms. The time to evacuate a building is a combination of several stages, these stages are: Detection time; Alarm time; Pre-movement time, (this is a combination of recognition and response time); and Travel time. The time taken for each of these stages of the evacuation process is dependent on the occupants response and behaviour. Figure 1: Factors involved in assessing the total escape time. (CIBSE Guide E: Fire safety engineering design approaches, 4-7). Pre-movement Time Distribution The pre-movement time of a building is the time for occupants to react to the alarm signal and begin their evacuation process. There are many factors which can affect the pre-movement times of occupants and these will be highlighted later in this text. In multi storey, multiple use occupancies, such as the one selected as part of the study, it can be assumed that not all occupants will have comparable pre-movement times, and for this reason it is good practice to study the appropriate time distribution curves in order to provide an accurate account of an expected pre-movement time in a building simulation. Purser et al, 1999, suggest from their work that Once the first few occupants have begun to move, the pre-movement times for the remainder of the occupants in an enclosure tend to follow a logarithmic–normal frequency time distribution. The shape of the above curves follow a typical pre-movement tome distribution following what has been observed historically; the initial delay of start up highlights the time taken for the first of the occupants to make the preliminary movements towards their chosen exit. This is followed by a rapid increase in frequency as the majority of others tend to initiate their travel phase. The long tail of the curve illustrates the last remaining occupants who will begin their travel period which will signify the end of the total pre-movement phase of the evacuation process. The above distributions are fit well for open plan occupancies where occupants have a clear view of the majority of other persons in the premises. In a building hosting a large number of enclosures, it can be assumed that the time distribution will be far wider than shown in the above diagram. This is due to the limited visibility which would be available for occupants in such a premises; the herding effect as occupants will be reduced as they would have less chance of grouping together and following the actions of the first occupants who move. Purser et al, 1999 , suggests that a range of 20-30 minutes would be more suitable for a multi occupancy building with sleeping risk (such as the Shibboleth hotel tower used to carry out the study). Many different factors will influence how a person will react and the decisions they make will determine their evacuation process. It can be very difficult to obtain real evacuation behavior; real evacuations may be undertaken by people who are unaware of the actual urgency to escape. They may perceive the alarm as a drill (Jake Pauls, 2003) People are often unaware that the alarm they hear is not a false one and so they will proceed to evacuate as they see fit to do so. Stopping to gather up personal belongings or only beginning to evacuate when others around them do. People have both reaction times and pre-movement times, reaction time is the time taken to perceive the alarm and decide to take action; and the pre-movement time is the time that elapses while the occupant is preparing to leave. L. Benthorn (1999): People usually choose to leave a building the same way they came in, even if this is a poorer alternative than other available. Within the field of behavioural science, it is pointed out that people often choose the known before the unknown, which would explain the above behaviour. Occupants in a building will tend to head for the exit them came in through not only are they familiar with this exit it but it will lead them to a place they will recognise. This is particularly true for those people who are not familiar with their surroundings. People will continue to do this and follow the crowd until they are either faced with the fire or are given further information. It has been suggested that incorporating evacuation routes wherever possible into the main circulation routes at the design stage will aim to optimise the effectiveness of the evacuation strategy. This is due to the fact that occupants tend to use a familiar route. The occupant characteristics that should be considered in performing an evacuation analysis are listed below: Population numbers and Density The maximum potential load should be used to give a conservative estimation. The number of people using a building or space and their distribution will greatly affect the travel and flow speeds speed of occupants. Familiarity A persons familiarity and regular use of the building and its systems may cause them to respond differently. Competent users of the building will have prior knowledge of the nearest escape routes and they may have had the opportunity to have participated in drills. Those unfamiliar with the building will rely upon the knowledge of staff and the clarity of signage available, and may be less responsive to warning systems. Distribution and Activities Distribution will impact on movement speeds and density will impact on the ability to communicate instructions. Activities people are involved in will affect their initial response. Those who are dedicated to a task within a building will not necessarily be able stop their job on activation of the alarm system. Level of Alertness The commitment of people to their activity or their interaction with others can affect their awareness. A premise which holds a sleeping risk for occupants can be expected to have a delayed response time. Physical and Mental Ability Some occupants may rely entirely on assistance, disabled; those with a hearing disability or those with a visual disability may require special means of notification. Level of Mobility Affected by the age of occupants, age can influence the ability of an individual to independently make their way along an exit route and reach a place of safety within an acceptable timescale. It may also reduce an occupants ability to withstand exposure to smoke and other harmful bi-products of fire. Social Affiliation Behaviour will be strongly influenced with the interaction between occupants. Groups of people who have a social connection (i.e. parent and child who are separated within premises at the time of the fire event) will try and regroup before making their way to an exit. The time spend undertaking such an act may increase the level of risk for these occupants. Groups of evacuees try to stay together and the slowest member of the group influences their speed. Role and Responsibility Sufficiently, well-trained and authoritative staff will shorten the pre-movement phase of an evacuation process. An effective management plan followed by all members of staff will ensure this is provided within premises. Location Can influence a persons choice of exit and the time to notification. Travel distances will be affected by location. Commitment Those who are committed to their activity will be reluctant to respond to an alarm, especially if it means their task is to be started again. Responsiveness The extent to which a person is likely to respond to alarms, those who have previous experience of emergency situations may be less likely to respond quickly as they are aware of the most appropriate action to take. The Panic Theory When people, attempting to escape from a burning building pile up at a single exit, their behaviour appears highly irrational to someone who learns after the panic that other exits were available. To the actor in the situation who does not recognise the existence of these alternatives, attempting to fight his way to the only exit available may seem a very logical choice as opposed to burning to death. (Turner and Killian 1957) The concept of panic is attributed to occupants lack of knowledge about a fires existence before a fire reaches a size where it can seriously hamper the ease in which evacuees are able to escape. This can be due to a problem with the detection and alarm system installed within premises, or the lack of information available to occupants as they try and make their way to the relevant escape routes. The theory of panic is not an easy thing to define, yet a set of definitions are presented below: A sudden and excessive feeling of alarm or fear, usually affecting a body of persons, originating in some real or supposed danger, vaguely apprehended, and leading to extravagant and injudicious efforts to secure safety. (John L. Bryan 1984) A fear-induced flight behavior which is nonrational, nonadaptive, and nonsocial, which serves to reduce the escape possibilities of the group as a whole, (Kentucky State Police, 1977). In the stress of a fire, people often act inappropriately and rarely panic or behave irrationally. Such behavior, to a large extent, is due to the fact that information initially available to people regarding the possible existence of a fire and its size and location is often ambiguous or inadequate. (Ramachandran, 1990.) Affect of Alarm on Pedestrian Movement The type of detection and alarm system in a building can greatly affect the way in which occupants despond to the emergency signal, and this is turn will affect the response time of occupants. The level of information that occupants are provided with in the early stages of evacuation can influence their decision to evacuate. It has been common practice to use traditional ringing sounders within non-domestic premises in recent years. One drawback of using this form of alarm signal is that occupants are not being provided with any informative information regarding the fire event. Evacuees could benefit from a system which would inform them of a fires location and lets them know which evacuation route is the safest in terms of their location in the building. This is a difficult system to integrate into a building as fires are extremely unreliable and information is specific to a single fire scenario. Sounders themselves are not the most informative method of warning system; they convey little information and have been proven ineffective (Bob Choppen, 2003). Voice alarm systems are largely becoming a more acceptable mode of informing occupants of a fire occurrence in modern buildings. Large premises which are designed to cater mainly for the general public will benefit greatest from a voice alarm system. Occupants are fuelled with much more information of the emergency event than in the past using traditional alarm signals. Voice messages can convey a greater deal of information to the occupants. John L Bryan concluded from his research that the use of voice alarms/public announcements with an alarm bell was the most effective way of warning occupants. Ramachandran in his review of the research on human behaviour in fires in the UK since 1969 summarized the effectiveness of alarm bells as awareness cues: The response to fire alarm bells and sounders tends to be less than optimum. There is usually skepticism as to whether the noise indicated a fire alarm and if so, is the alarm merely a system test or drill? A lack of panic is attributed to a number of factors including: Insufficient seriousness of an emergency. Acceptance of staff responsibility to direct occupants to exits. Evacuation process is complete before occupants have come in sight or contact with fire and smoke. Panic was not initiated at exit paths due to sufficient exit widths being available, thus eliminating the chance for queuing to occur, i.e. little competition for similar exits by occupants. Human Stress Model. (University coursework notes, Evacuation Systems Design model; Powerpoint Presentation namely Human Behaviour in Fire (Slide 48/51), Dr. Iain Sanderson, 2008). Evacuation Modeling Evacuation models can help engineers prove that tenable conditions will be available to occupants for the timescale required for all occupants to reach a place of safety, which an element of safety built in. The total time for occupants for occupants from the time of detection and alarm, to the time for the last occupant to reach a place of safety, is called the Required Safe Egress Time (RSET). This is traditionally compared with the time from fire ignition until tenable limits are exceeded, and conditions have reached a level where humans will be unable to continue their process of escape. This time is called the Available Safe Egress Time (ASET). As long as RSET > ASET by some factor of safety, a building is deemed to provide an adequate level of safety for all occupants to escape in an emergency situation. Pedestrian movement models have typically fallen into two categories, one category dealt independently with movement and the other tried to connect both movement and human behaviour. S. Gwynne (1999) highlights the main approaches available of computer analysis models: Computer based analysis of evacuation can be performed using one of three different approaches, namely optimization, simulation and risk assessment. Furthermore, within each approach different means of representing the enclosure, the population and the behaviour of the population are possible. Movement models can be categorised in a number of forms; Ball bearing, Optimisation, Simulation or Risk Assessment models. Ball bearing / Gaseous This example of movement model treats its subjects as inanimate objects. Sometimes referred to as environmental determinism, subjects are unthinking individuals who respond only to external stimuli, thus human behaviour it not taken into account. Occupants are assumed to begin their evacuation instantly, with no regard to the time taken for detection, alarm and pre-movement times. Factors effecting occupant movement therefore only include physical considerations of the occupants and their surroundings (i.e. crowd densities, exit widths and travel speeds). Individual occupants are merged into units and their movement treats their egress on masse (S. Gwynne, 1999). A good example of a model which employs this type of methodology is Firewind, with its WayOut tool. Optimisation This form of pedestrian movement model deals with large crowds of people at the same time. Evacuees are treated as homogeneous groups, thus there are no independent characteristics for a particular individual. People are uniformly distributed; all exits will be equally shared. One of the best examples of this form of model is EVACNET. 6.5.3 Simulation These models try and take into account not only the physical characteristics of the space, but also consider some representation of human behaviour in emergency scenarios. They attempt to produce as an output the path and decisions taken my individuals during the evacuation process. Examples of this type of model include Simulex and buildingEXODUS. 6.5.4 Risk Assessment Model These models are an attempt to identify hazards associated with the evacuation of a building, be it due to the occupants or the building, and attempt to quantify the resultant risk. An example of this type of model would be Crisp, and WayOut. 6.5.6 Enclosure Representation Enclosure representation of the geometries created within a computer models can take on two forms; fine and course networks. Enclosures are subdivided into a number of zones which are interconnected with neighbouring zones, and the characteristics of each of these affect the parameters found in each on the adjoining cells. The detail and size of each of these zones determines which category a model shall fall into. NODE ARC NODEOne or more arcs connecting 2 nodes are called a Path. (John M Watts 1987). Definition of a network model is given by John M Watts (1987), A network models is a graphical representation of routes by which objects or energy may move from one point to another. 6.5.6.1 Fine Networks Models using this method divide the entire floor space of the enclosure into a selection of shapes or nodes. The size and shape of these nodes will vary for different models. The node is connected to its neighbouring node by an arc. Paths of individuals are tracked over time. Examples of such models include Bgraf, Egress, buildngExodus, Magnetmodel, Simulex and Vegas. 6.5.6.2 Coarse Networks Models following this form of enclosure representation do not allow individual occupants to be followed independently of other within the group. Single nodes represent large spaces, such as rooms and corridors. As evacuees moved from space to space, users will be unaware of their position in each node. A coarse network does not provide information regarding person-wall, person-person and pe

Faculty Attendance System Using Automatic Image Processing Essay

As technology grows fast, certain advancements are being developed nowadays and life is getting even better to live with. It makes every task as easy as possible and nothing seems too tiring if human tasks are aided with technology. It can be applied in any aspects of life. Computer technology would be the first on the list that provides great potential for improving effectiveness and efficiency of the information system. The use of computer has not become a major tool to simplify job and task. There is no doubt that computer technology has had a great impact on society and also brought many technical developments with it. It has brought many changes to the way we live as individual as well as members of societies and organizations. It has had major effects and changes on the economy, health, education, industry, agriculture and many other fields. The ability of computers in gathering, processing, presenting and sending large amount of information has had major changes in the way large organizations as well individuals organize their lives. Computers are at work, in schools and many other places. The human face plays an important role in our social interaction, conveying people’s identity. Using human face as a key to security, the biometrics face recognition technology has received significant attention in the past several years due to its potential for a wide variety of applications in both law enforcement and non-law enforcement. As compared with other biometrics systems using fingerprint/palm print and iris, face recognition has distinct advantages because of its non-contact process. Face images can be captured from a distance without touching the person being identified, and the identification does not require interacting with the person. In recent years, face recognition has attracted much attention and its research has rapidly expanded by not only engineers but also neuroscientists, since it has many potential applications in computer vision communication and automatic access control system. Especially, face detection is an important part of face recognition as the first step of automatic face recognition. However, face detection is not straightforward because it has lots of variations of image appearance, such as pose variation (front, non-front), cclusion, image orientation, illuminating condition and facial expression. With the continuous development and progress of science and technology, facial biometric recognition technology has become more sophisticated and perfect. As the world’s most cutting-edge biometric technology and image processing technology, facial biometric recognition technology will play a unique and irreplaceable role in today’s public security prevent, arrest fugitives, network security, financial security and many other areas. It is a milestone of development and progress of human society science and technology. It will be widely used in public security, aviation, ports, customs, banks, large enterprises, large-scale conferences, high-end clubs, important streets, docks and other places of security. It will bring revolutionary changes for safety defend and prevention of the current complicated domestic security situation. Face recognition serves the crime deterrent purpose because face images that have been recorded and archived can later help identify a person. Many citizens express concern that their privacy is being compromised by the use of surveillance technologies by corporations and the state. Some fear that it could lead to a total surveillance society, with the government and other authorities having the ability to know the whereabouts and activities of all citizens around the clock. This knowledge has, is and could continue to be deployed to prevent the lawful exercise of rights of citizens to criticize those in office, specific government policies or corporate practices. Many centralized power structures with such surveillance capabilities have abused their privileged access to maintain control of the political and economic apparatus and curtail populist reforms. Facial recognition can be used not just to identify an individual, but also to unearth other personal data associated with an individual – such as other photos featuring the individual, blog posts, social networking profiles, Internet behavior, travel patterns, etc. – all through facial features alone. Moreover, individuals have limited ability to avoid or thwart facial recognition tracking unless they hide their faces. This fundamentally changes the dynamic of day-to-day privacy by enabling any marketer, government agency, or random stranger to secretly collect the identities and associated personal information of any individual captured by the facial recognition system. Purpose and Description Nowadays, industry is experiencing many technological advancement and changes in methods of learning. With the rise of globalization, it is becoming essential to find an easier and more effective system to help an organization or company. In spite of this matter, there are still business establishments and schools that use the old-fashioned way. In a certain way, one thing that is still in manual process is the recording of attendance. Face detection is a computer technology that determines the locations and sizes of human faces in arbitrary (digital) images. It detects facial features and ignores anything else, such as buildings, trees and bodies. Dealing with this matter, the proponents thought of an easy way to do the checking of attendance. This study entitled is intended to develop an attendance monitoring system to be used inside the school vicinity of Batangas State University JPLPC Campus for better management of employees. We come up with a computerized attendance-monitoring system using image processing. It serves as a timed log-in/ log-out system that is set up as a computerized database. This system maintains a daily record of a faculty’s arrival and departure time from work. Aside from the records of time and date, our system features the name, position and the assigned number of each staff. So it also serves as an identification profile system. The system also protects the employees by providing the exact number of hours they worked, making it much more difficult for employers to cheat them out of their wages. This thesis features all important facts about our system as well as its importance.

Essay on The Weirdest Phobias

I know nothing about curing phobias. But with a little research, I have found out that fears of spiders, height and fire are not the most unusual at all. It turned out that there are weird phobias one can hardly believe in! I have not the slightest idea of how people, who suffer this kind of phobias, cope with the conditions, but some of the types of anxiety disorder are simply hilarious. How about Nomophobia? To speak more clearly, the case in point is about fear of being without mobile phone coverage. The name for this kind of anxiety disorder was coined a couple of years ago, on the basis of some researchers performed by the experts who have discovered this very phenomenon. In accordance with the most recent surveys, more than half of people in the United Kingdom of Great Britain suffer from Nomophobia. The fear is usually brought on the panic, which is caused by losing the signal, battery running out or, in some cases, even losing sight of the gadget. To continue our top phobias list, we proceed to the †¦ Papaphobia! The fear of the pope or the notion of papacy in general. This is a pretty uncommon type of phobia and is closely related to the fear of sacred and holy things – Hierophobia. To say more, Papaphobia is also related to the Hagiophobia that is an irrational and exaggerated fear of various holy things and saints. As a rule, this kind of phobias is triggered by the trauma that is usually associated with the pope. The next point in my list belongs to the Somniphobia. This type of fear comprises excessive and irrational phobia of falling asleep. The people, who suffer from this disorder, are afraid of falling asleep for the reason that they associate this process with death. Somniphobia may also result from suffering continuous nightmares or a feeling of lack of control. In addition to that, these individuals may also be afraid of losing time when sleeping in their beds. If your boyfriend or girlfriend is an Ombrophobe, you’re not going to have a romantic promenade in the rain. The point is that people called Ombrophobes have an abnormal fear of rain. Moreover, this type of phobias may even cause severe anxiety attacks. According to the researchers, this phobia is usually triggered by a great number of various factors, including the well known fact that kids are often warned that if they go out in the rain they will get ill. Besides that, many people tend to associate rain with autumn depression. To my personal viewpoint, one of the stupidest phobias that nowadays exist is the Pogonophobia. This type of anxiety disorder has been used since the 1850s to provide the most suitable description for the fear of beards. You won’t believe but there are individuals, who are afraid of small holes. As funny as it may sound, there is the type of phobias called Trypophobia. In accordance with the most recent findings, Trypophobia is not yet officially accepted anxiety disorder. Nevertheless, a lot of people from all parts of the globe suffer now from it. The brand-new researches revealed that small holes are usually associated with danger. Among the examples of the feared objects one should point out sponges, honeycomb and any plant that has small holes in it. This type of phobias has its symptoms that are the following: itchy skin, nausea and even severe panic attacks If you ever perform a research on the phobias that exist nowadays you will find out that one may be afraid of every single thing on Earth. To my mind, being afraid of something takes away the bright colors from our lives. Fear spoils a lot of fun!

Lululemon Market Research Essay - 1068 Words

Marketing 111 – Major Project 5. The Target Consumer †¢ Demographics Lululemon’s primary target customer is a sophisticated and educated woman who understands the importance of an active, healthy lifestyle. She is increasingly tasked with the dual responsibilities of career and family and is constantly challenged to balance her work, life and health. We believe she pursues exercise to achieve physical fitness and inner peace. As women have continued to embrace a variety of fitness and athletic activities, including yoga, we believe other athletic apparel companies are not effectively addressing their unique style, fit and performance needs. We believe we have been able to help address this void in the†¦show more content†¦By producing products that help keep people active and stress free, Lululemon’s brand stands for the belief that the world will be a better place. Setting the bar in technical fabrics and functional designs, the brand symbolizes innovation as a result of continuous research . †¢ Warranty and Service †¢ †¢ Before Distribution ï‚ § To ensure that they continue to provide our customers with advanced fabrics, our design team working closely with their suppliers to incorporate innovative fabrics that meet particular specifications into their product..In addition, to ensure the product quality of our fabric and its authenticity, we test our products using a leading testing facility. We also partner with a leading independent inspection, verification, testing and certification company, which conducts a battery of tests before each season on all of our fabrics across all product lines, testing for a variety of attributes including content, pilling, shrinkage, and color fastness. We collaborate with leading fabric suppliers to develop fabrics that we ultimately trademark for brand recognition whenever possible. †¢ After Distribution †¢ Strengths and Weaknesses †¢ Future Recommendations B. Price †¢ Pricing Strategy Lululemon’s Pricing Strategy aims to communicate to its guest that they are a brand that supports innovative, high quality apparel. Their items, specifically the Groove pant, is targeted at educated women with higher than average incomes, ThereforeShow MoreRelatedMarketing Plan For The Company1489 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Lululemon is a company that has based itself around a value proposition of ethical production, healthy living and quality athletic gear designed to encourage and support an active lifestyle (Lululemon, 2014). Unfortunately for the company in the last year it has come under fire for a run of clothing that was far below their standard quality, and was in fact recalled for being too sheer (Peterson, 2013). This incident was exacerbated by CEO Chip Wilson’s comments that effectively blamedRead MoreMarketing Analysis : Lulu Lemon1390 Words   |  6 Pagesin the athletic wear market segment is because many consumers are becoming healthier or fit minded thanks to the fitness trend that is hitting the American frontier. Most consumers now a day would spend more money on higher quality products than they would of ten years ago, due to the improvements in the economy and rise in the fitness trends. Therefore, Lulu sees a pure opportunity and advantage by competing in the higher end at hletic wear compared to the more diluted market segment of lower qualityRead MoreThe Global Fitness And Athletic Clothing Stores1637 Words   |  7 Pages9 billion US dollars per annum (IBISWorld, 2015). Lululemon Athletica provides high quality apparel for the ever-growing global health conscious population (WHO | World Health Statistics 2015, 2016). 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Chip Wilson stepped down from hisRead MoreMarketing Analysis : Nikes The Modern Girl Of Sport And Fitness 1604 Words   |  7 PagesCoined the â€Å"Modern Girl of Sport and Fitness,† one of Nike’s increasingly profitable and rapidly growing consumer markets is young adult females who wis h to be comfortable and fashionable at both the gym and in their daily lives. This consumer base has also been characterized by the term â€Å"athleisure† – a combination of an athletic look with a comfortable and fashionable feel. This market continues to grow, with approximately â€Å"46 percent of women between the ages of 19 and 34† becoming more interestedRead MoreCase Study : Brand Image Over The Past Years Essay703 Words   |  3 Pages1) Brand Image – Over the past few years Lululemon has been scrutinized for their product quality and their founder, Chip Wilson’s, statements regarding these issues. This company’s products are premium priced and when consumers are paying around 10-25% more for their products versus their big competitors, they expect excellent quality products. After this fiasco, Lululemon’s reputation faltered and their sales growth was tremendously affected. Instead of addressing this quality control issue pr ofessionally